Call For Paper December - 2023
Submit Online
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT (IJPTM) > Volume 14, Issue 2, July-December 2023 View PDF HTML
SYNTHESIS OF NANOCRYSTALLINE SnS FILMS BY CAPPING WITH PVA USING CBD PROCESS FOR SOLAR CELL APPLICATIONS – A COMPREHENSIVE OPTICAL STUDY
P. Mallika Bramaramba Devi 1 ; K.T. Ramakrishna Reddy 22 Solar Energy Laboratory, Department of Physics, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Article Id - IJPTM_14_02_002, Pages : 10-17, Date of Publication : 17, November 2023
Google Scholar Link
Academia Link
Scopedatabase Link : https://sdbindex.com/Document/document_search?title=SYNTHESIS OF NANOCRYSTALLINE SnS FILMS BY CAPPING WITH PVA USING CBD PROCESS FOR SOLAR CELL APPLICATIONS – A COMPREHENSIVE OPTICAL STUDY &type=1
Abstract
Tin monosulphide (SnS) thin films capped by polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were successfully synthesized on glass substrates using chemical bath deposition (CBD) at different bath temperatures varying in the range, 50 – 80 °C. Stannous chloride (SnCl2, 2H2O¬), thioacetamide (C2H5NS) were taken as precursors with tartaric acid (C4H6O6) as a complexing agent and polyvinyl alcohol [-CH2CHOH-]n as a capping agent for the synthesis of PVA capped SnS layers. Optical studies showed high optical absorption coefficient ~ 105 cm-1 for all the deposited layers and also the layers exhibited an optical band gap enhancement. The estimated band gap values were greater than the optical band gap of bulk SnS (1.3 ev). The observed blue shift in the optical band gap might be due to quantum confinement effect. The average particle size estimated using Brus equation, varied slightly from 5 nm to 9 nm. The other optical parameters such as refractive index, extinction coefficient, high frequency dielectric constant, optical carrier concentration, relaxation time and optical conductivity were also determined. The layers deposited at 80 °C bath temperature exhibited high optical conductivity (~ 1016 s-1) compared to other deposited layers, hence, such layers might be useful as an absorber layer in solar cell development.
Keywords
Chemical Bath Deposition, Nanocrystalline Films, Optical Properties, PVA (Polyvinyl Alcohol), Tin Monosulphide (Sns).
Share and Cite:
References
[1] J.J.L. Hmar, T. Majumder, and S.P. Mondal, Growth and characteristics of PbS/polyvinyl alcohol nanocomposites for flexible high dielectric thin film applications, Thin Solid Films, 598, 2016, 243-251.
[2] I.S. Elashmawi, A.M. Abdelghany, and N.A. Hakeema, Quantum confinement effects of CdS nanoparticles dispersed within PVP/PVA nanocomposites, Journal of Material Science: Materials in Electronics, 24, 2014, 2956-2961.
[3] T. Ghomian, S. Farimand, and J-W Choi, The effect of isopropylamine-capped PbS quantum dots on infrared photodetectors and photovoltaics, Microelectronic Engineering, 183-184, 2007, 48-51.
[4] M. Sharma, and S.K. Tripathi, Optical and electrical properties of polyvinyl alcohol doped CdS nanoparticles prepared by sol-gel method, Journal of Material Science: Materials in Electronics, 26, 2015, 2760-2768.
[5] K T. Ramakrishna Reddy, N. Koteswsara Reddy, and Miles R.W Photovoltaic properties of SnS based solar cells, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 90, 2006, 3041-3046.
[6] E. Guneri, C. Ultas, F. Kirmizigul, G. Altindemir, F. Gode, and C. Gumus, Effect of deposition time on structural, electrical, optical properties of SnS thin films deposited by chemical bath deposition, Appllied Surface Science, 257, 2010, 1189-1195.
[7] Y. Kawano, J. Chantana, and T. Minemoto, Impact of growth temperature on the properties of SnS films prepared by thermal evaporation and its photovoltaic performance, Current Applied Physics, 15, 2015, 897-901.
[8] M. Ganchev, P. Vitanvov, M. Sendova-Vassileva, G. Popkirov, and H. Dikov, Properties of SnS thin films grown by physical vapour deposition, Journal of Physics.: Conference Series, 682, 2016, 012019.
[9] K S. Ojha, Structural and optical properties of PVA doped zinc sulphide thin films, Optik 127, 2016, 2586-2589.
[10] I. Barandiaran, J. Gutierrez, H. Etxeberria, A. Tercjak, and G. Kortaberria, Tuning photoresponsive and dielectric properties of PVA/CdSe films by capping agent change, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 118, 2019,194-201.
[11] G.Yu. Rudko, A O. Kovalchuk, V I. Fediv, O. Ren, W M. Chen, I A. Buyanova, and G. Pozina, Role of the host polymer matrix in light emission processes in nano-CdS/polyvinyl alcohol composite, Thin Solid Films, 543,2013, 11-15.
[12] R. Seoudi, S. Abd EI Mongy, and A A Shabaka, Effect of polyvinyl alocohol matrices on the structural and spectroscopic studies of CdSe nanoparticles, Physica B: Condensed Matter, 403, 2008, 1781-1786.
[13] J. Osuntokun, and P A. Ajibade, Morphology and thermal studies of zinc sulphide and cadmium sulphide nanoparticles in polyvinyl alcohol matrix, Physica B: Condensed Matter, 496, 2016, 106-112.
[14] A. Higareda-Sanchez, R. Mis-Fernandez, I. Rimmaudo, E. Camacho-Espinosa, and J.L. Pena, Evaluation of pH and deposition mechanisms effect on tin sulphide thin films deposited by chemical bath deposition, Superlattices and Mirostructures, 151, 2021, 106831.
[15] J. Jing, M. Cao, C. Wu, J. Huang, J. Lai, Y. Sun, L. Wang, and Y. Shen Chemical bath deposition of SnS nanosheet thin films for FTO/SnS/CdS/Pt photocathode, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 726, 2017, 720-728.
[16] Sergio Battiato, Anna Lucia Pellegrino, Antonino Pollicino, Antonio Terrasi, and Salvo Mirabella, Composition-controlled chemical bath deposition of Fe-doped NiO microflowers for boosting oxygen evoluation reation, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 48, 2023,18291-18300.
[17] G. Sreedevi, M. Vasudeva Reddy, C. Park, J. Chan-Wook, and K.T. Ramakrishna Reddy, Comprehensive optical studies on SnS layers synthesized by chemical bath deposition, Optical Materials, 42, 2015, 468-475.
[18] M.R. Vasudeva Reddy, G. Sreedevi, C. Park, R.W. Miles, and K.T. Ramakrishna Reddy, Development of sulphurized SnS thin film solar cells, Current Applied Physics, 15, 2015, 588-598.
[19] L. Brus, Electronic Electronic Wave Functions in Semiconductor Clusters: Experiment and Theory, The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 90, 1986, 2555-2560.
[20] Y. Azizian-Kalandaragh, A. Khodayari, Z. Zeng, C.S. Garoufails, S. Baskoutas, and L.C. Gontard, Strong quantum confinement effects in SnS nanocrystals produced by ultrasound-assisted method, Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 15, 2013, 1388.
[21] J. Xu, and Y. Yang, Study on the performances of SnS heterojunctions by numerical analysis, Energy Conversion and Management, 78, 2014, 260-265.
Indexing
Scope Database
International Journal of Production Technology and Management (IJPTM) is indexed in Scope Database from 2010 to 2021
Please click the following link to see thescreenshot
Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics)
Total citation of 2 from IJPTM Journal published from 2010 to 2021
Please click the following link to see thescreenshot
Scopus
Total citation of 29 from IJMHRM Journal published from 2010 to 2021
Please click the following link to see thescreenshot
Scope Database Source Link: https://sdbindex.com/Sourceid/00000007
Our IAEME Publication journals are indexed in various indexing search engines
- Scope Database (www.sdbindex.com)
- Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com)
- ResearchGate (https://www.researchgate.net/)
- Academia (https://www.academia.edu/)
- SSRN (https://www.ssrn.com/)
- Indian Citation Index (ICI) (http://www.indiancitationindex.com/)
- Advanced Science Index (https://journal-index.org/)
- ResearchBib (https://www.researchbib.com/)
- Semantic Scholar
- ERIC (Education Resources Information Center)
- ProQuest
- EconLit
- ASEAN Citation Index (ACI)
- BASE
- ebsco
- PubMed
- I2OR
- International Scientific Indexing(ISI)
- Cosmos Impact Factor
- Open Academic Journals Index
- Mendeley
- Crossref
- Science Gate
Aim and Scope
The International Journal of Production technology and management (IJPTM) focuses on topics treating the interface between engineering and management. All aspects of the subject in relation to manufacturing and process industries, as well as production in general are covered. The journal is interdisciplinary in nature, considering whole cycles of activities, such as the product life cycle - research, design, development, test, launch, disposal - and the material flow cycle - supply, production, distribution.
The ultimate objective of the journal is to disseminate knowledge for improving industrial practice and to strengthen the theoretical base necessary for supporting sound decision making. It provides a forum for the exchange of ideas and the presentation of new developments in theory and application, wherever engineering and technology meet the managerial and economic environment in which industry operates. In character, the journal combines the high standards of a traditional academic approach with the practical value of industrial applications.
Chief Editor
Dr. S. Nallusamy - Professor and Dean, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dr. MGR Educational and Research Institute, India.
Managing Editor
Dr. Prof. Jose Arturo Garza-Reyes - Professor of Operations Management, University of Derby, UK.
Dr. N. Ramesh Babu - Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, IIT Madras, India.
Editorial Board
Dr. Barish Dantal - Application Development Engineer, Momentive Performance Materials, USA.
Dr. Mohamed Saber - National Research Center (NRC) El Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
Dr. H. N. Reddappa - Bangalore Institute of Technology, Karnataka, India.
Dr. Fateh Mebarek-Oudina - Skikda University, Algeria.
Dr. Audai Hussein Al-Abbas - Al-Musaib Technical College, Babylon, Iraq.
Dr. Mohd Azman Bin Abdullah - Universitiy Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Malaysia.
Dr. T.R.Vijayaram - VIT University,Chennai.
Dr. M. Chithirai Pon Selvan - Amity University, Dubai.
Dr. Chao Wang - Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
Dr. Madhu D - Govt. Engineering College, KRPET, India.
Dr. R. Dilli babu - Anna University, India.
Dr. A.Elaya perumal - Anna University, India.
Dr. Mohamed Kchaou - University Of Sousse, Tunisia.
Dr. Anan Suebsomran - King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok , Thailand.
Dr. A. G. Matani - Govt. College of Engineering, Amravati ,India.
Dr. Vivek Sachan - SHIATS, Allahabad, India
Dr. Pallavi.H.Agarwal - Babaria Institute of Technology, Gujarat, India
Prof. Raj Kumar Yadav - Adina Institute Of Science And Technology, Sagar, M.P
Dr. İlhan ASİLTÜRK - Selcuk University, Turkey
Dr. Sudarshan Rao K - Shri Madhwa Vadiraja Institute of Technology and Management, Karnataka, India
Dr. Kondaveeti Srinivasa Rao - CMR College of Engineering & Technology, Hyderabad, India
Dr. Ravi Burla - Autodesk Inc., Novi, MI
Dr. Jingchao Zhang - University of Nebraska-Lincoln,USA
Dr. Nilaj N. Deshmukh - Fr.C.Rodrigues Institute of Technology, India
Dr. Nilaj N. Deshmukh - Fr.C.Rodrigues Institute of Technology, India
Dr. Nadia MOUHIB - National School of Electricity and Mechanic MOROCCO
Dr. M. L. Meena - Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, India
Dr. Raffi Mohammed - NRI Institute of Technology, Indian
Dr. Ajay Verma - Padmashri Dr. V.B. Kolte College of Engineering, Maharashtra, India
Dr. Sathish Rao U - Manipal University,Karnataka-India
Dr. Irfan. G - Akshaya Institute of Technology, Karnataka, India
Dr. Sunada Chakravarthy - Sunedison Inc, USA
Prof. S. Sathish Kumar - Vel Tech, Chennai, India
Dr. M. Ganesan - Saranathan College of Engineering, Trichy, India
Dr. CH V K N S N MOORTHY - Institute of Aeronautical Engineering(Autonomous), Telangana State, INDIA
Er. Anshul Singhal - Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), USA
Dr. Ornella Chiavola - ROMA TRE University, Rome, Italy
Dr. H. Erdem Çamurlu - Akdeniz University, TÜRKİYE
Dr. GIRISHA L - PES Institute of Technology and Management, Karnataka, India
Dr. M. Mubarak - MEA Engineering College, Kerala, India
Dr. Ahmed Daabo - University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
Dr. Ambarish Maji - MLR Institute of Technology, India
Dr. Hao Yi - Chongqing University, China
Dr. Bambang Leo Handoko - Bina Nusantara University of Indonesia
Prof. Jaafar Jaber Abdulhameed - Almustansiririyah University, College of Engineering, Baghdad, Iraq
Dr. S A Mojhan Krishna - Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vidyavardhaka College of Engineering, Mysuru, Karnataka, India.
Dr. Prateek Nigam - Bansal College of Engineering, Madhya Pradesh, India
Dr. Ehsaan Bagherian - Inspection Technology & Quality Assurance National Institute (ITQAN), Saudi Arabia
Dr. Mohamed KCHAOU - College of Engineering, University of Bisha, Saudi Arabia; National Engineering School of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
Dr. Shubham R Suryawanshi - MET’s Institute of Engineering, Bhujbal Knowledge City, Nashik, India
Dr. Diwan Mohit Balkrishna - Shankersinh Vaghela Bapu Institute of Technology, Gujarat India
Dr. Maryam Sadri - Sharif University of Technology and Aerospace Research Institute, Tehran-Iran.
Dr. A R Pradeep Kumar - Dhanalakshmi College of Engineering, Tamilnadu, India
Dr. Siamak Hosseinzadeh - University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
Dr. Eriki Ananda kumar - Associate Professor, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nilai University, Malaysia
Dr. Dhanasekaran S - Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, India
Dr. Basanta Kumar Bhuyan - Professor, MNNIT Allahabad, FET-MRIIRS, Faridabad, India.
Prof. Pavlo Maruschak - Vice-Rector for Scientific Research of Ternopil Ivan Puluj National Technical University, Ternopil, Ukraine.
Dr. T. Kamatchi - Associate Professor, Mechanical Department, Velammal College of Engineering and Technology, Tamilnadu, India.
Dr. P. Vivek - Head of the Department, Department of Automobile Engineering, Annapoorana Engineering College, Salem, Tamilnadu, India
Reviewer Board
Dr. K.S.Zakiuddin - Priyadarshini College of Engineering, India
Dr. R.Edison Chandraseelan - SMKFIT,India
Dr. Syed Anisuddin - Caledonian College of Engineering, Sultanate of Oman
Er. Vinod Singh Yadav - MNIT, India
Dr. S.Sreenatha Reddy - Universal College of Engineering and Technology, India
Dr. M. Victor Raj - Sardar Raja College of Engineering, India
Dr. V.Baskaran - Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, India
Dr. Ratri Parida - IIT Kharagpur, India
Dr. G.Kalivarathan - PSN Institute of Technology and Science,India
Er. N.Vijayponraj - PSN Institute of Technology and Science, India
Dr. R.Uday Kumar - Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Technology, India
Prof. Manikandapirapu P.K - Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, India
Dr. Srinivasa G.R - Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, India
Dr. Sudhakar K.G - K L University, India
Dr. Chavan Dattatraya K. - MMCOE, Karvenagar, Pune
Dr. Rahul Davis - SHIATS-DU, Allahabad
Prof. Potnuru Govinda Rao - GMR Institute of Technology,Rajam
Dr. Velamala Rambabu - G.M.R.Institute of Technology,Rajam
Dr. V. Chitti Babu - GMR Institute of Technology, Rajam, A.P
Dr. Ravindra D. Jilte - Vidyavardhini’s College of Engineering and Technology,MSQ
Dr. Gurudutt Sahni - DGM & HOD Leader Valves Ltd, Punjab, India
For Authors
Paper title (14 Bold)- Capital Letter
First Author1, Second Author2 (13 Bold- Times New Roman)
1(Department, College/ University Name, Address, Country Name, Email) (12)
2(Department, College/ University Name, Address, Country Name, Email) (12)
ABSTRACT (12 Bold)
The abstract should summarize the content of the paper. Try to keep the abstract below 350 words. Do not make references nor display equations in the abstract. The journal will be printed from the same-sized copy prepared by you. Your manuscript should be printed on A4 paper (21.0 cm x 29.7 cm). It is imperative that the margins and style described below be adhered to carefully. This will enable us to keep uniformity in the final printed copies of the Journal. Please keep in mind that the manuscript you prepare will be photographed and printed as it is received. Readability of copy is of paramount importance.(12)
Keywords (12 Bold) : About five key words in alphabetical order, separated by comma (12)
I. INTRODUCTION (12 BOLD)
The introduction of the paper should explain the nature of the problem, previous work, purpose, and the contribution of the paper. The contents of each section may be provided to understand easily about the paper. (12)
II. HEADINGS (12 BOLD)
The headings and subheadings, starting with "1. Introduction", appear in upper and lower case letters and should be set in bold and aligned flush left. All headings from the Introduction to Acknowledgements are numbered sequentially using 1, 2, 3, etc. Subheadings are numbered 1.1, 1.2, etc. If a subsection must be further divided, the numbers 1.1.1, 1.1.2, etc.
The font size for heading is 12 points bold face and subsections with 12 points and not bold. Do not underline any of the headings, or add dashes, colons, etc. (12)
III. INDENTATIONS AND EQUATIONS(12 BOLD)
The first paragraph under each heading or subheading should be flush left, and subsequent paragraphs should have a five-space indentation. A colon is inserted before an equation is presented, but there is no punctuation following the equation. All equations are numbered and referred to in the text solely by a number enclosed in a round bracket (i.e., (3) reads as "equation 3"). Ensure that any miscellaneous numbering system you use in your paper cannot be confused with a reference [4] or an equation (3) designation. (12)
IV. FIGURES AND TABLES(12 BOLD)
To ensure a high-quality product, diagrams and lettering MUST be either computerdrafted or drawn using India ink.
Figure captions appear below the figure, are flush left, and are in lower case letters.When referring to a figure in the body of the text, the abbreviation "Fig." is used. Figures should be numbered in the order they appear in the text.
Table captions appear centered above the table in upper and lower case letters. When referring to a table in the text, no abbreviation is used and "Table" is capitalized. (12). Figures and tables should be included in the running text itself
V. CONCLUSION (12 BOLD)
A conclusion section must be included and should indicate clearly the advantages, limitations, and possible applications of the paper. Although a conclusion may review the main points of the paper, do not replicate the abstract as the conclusion. A conclusion might elaborate on the importance of the work or suggest applications and extentions. (12)
VI. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS(12 Bold)
An acknowledgement section may be presented after the conclusion, if desired.( 12)
REFERENCES (12 BOLD)
This heading is not assigned a number.
A reference list MUST be included using the following information as a guide. Only cited text references are included. Each reference is referred to in the text by a number enclosed in a square bracket (i.e., [3]). References must be numbered and ordered according to where they are first mentioned in the paper, NOT alphabetically.
Examples follow:
ournal Papers:
[1] M Ozaki, Y. Adachi, Y. Iwahori, and N. Ishii, Application of fuzzy theory to writer recognition of Chinese characters, International Journal of Modelling and Simulation, 18(2), 1998, 112-116. (12)
Books:
[2] R.E. Moore, Interval analysis (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1966). (12) Note that the title of the book is in lower case letters and italicized. There is no comma following the title. Place of publication and publisher are given.
Chapters in Books:
[3] P.O. Bishop, Neurophysiology of binocular vision, in J.Houseman (Ed.), Handbook of physiology, 4 (New York: Springer-Verlag, 1970) 342-366. (12) Note that the place of publication, publisher, and year of publication are enclosed in brackets. Editor of book is listed before book title.
Theses:
[4] D.S. Chan, Theory and implementation of multidimensional discrete systems for signal processing, doctoral diss., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 1978. (12)
Proceedings Papers:
[5] W.J. Book, Modelling design and control of flexible manipulator arms: A tutorial review, Proc. 29th IEEE Conf. on Decision and Control, San Francisco, CA, 1990, 500-506 (12)
IAEME Publication Fees
IAEME Publication charges an Article Processing Charge (APC) once an article is accepted for publication. These charges cover the costs of turning a manuscript into a finished article, as well as the costs of hosting, distributing and promoting an article.
Article Processing Charges explained
We are committed to making the costs of publishing as clear as possible and so the charges for each journal are clearly displayed on each journal`s homepage.
When a manuscript is submitted, it passes through the many different departments at Hindawi to ensure the quality checks, peer review, production and promotion of articles is carried out in a timely manner and to a high standard:
✔ The Editorial Screening team, who perform initial technical and ethical checks
✔ The Editorial team, who help the journal`s Academic Editors manage the review process
✔ The Production team, who convert the manuscript to a professionally typeset article and well-structured file format
✔ The Proofing team, who coordinate the proofing process through Hindawi`s Online Proofing System (OPS)
✔ The Editorial Quality Assurance team, who perform a final check to ensure that the manuscript and its review process adhere to the journal`s guidelines and policies
✔ Our Marketing and Communication teams, who ensure your article receives the attention it deserves.
✔ The Technology team, who build and maintain our systems, and develop new systems
The work these teams do contribute to the requirement of an APC and is why the actual amount payable varies depending on the journal in which you wish to publish your article.
IAEME Publication does not request Article Submission Charges, also called Submission Fees. These are due at the time of submission of the manuscript. Nor does IAEME charge per page or for color figures or for any other items for which other publishers are known to charge.
Sources for Article Processing Charges (APC)
Authors of an article are responsible for arranging the payment of APC. Still, that typically does not mean that authors end up paying for the publication of the article. The cost of APC is very often assumed either by the organization funding the research published in the article, or by an Open Access Publishing Fund, or by the institution at which the author is employed.
Fair Dealing - Authors and Publisher
When an author submits a manuscript for review at one of IAEME`s journals, the submitted manuscript should not have been previously published in any form and must not be currently under consideration for publication elsewhere. The manuscript should also not be submitted to any other journal during the review process at IAEME Publication. In case the review process at IAEME takes much longer than stated and the author wishes to end the review process at IAEME, he/she should get in contact with the Editorial Assistant of the journal at IAEME and come to an agreement suitable for both sides after looking at the stage of the manuscript in the review process.
With the APC specified above, the author is given an indication what the APC will be. IAEME is charging Publication Fees (APC) but not Submission Fees. This is to the benefit to authors because payments are only due once the author knows the manuscript is accepted. IAEME with editors and reviewers puts much effort in dealing with the manuscript and expects the authors to stick to the common plan of publishing the paper which is linked to payments of APC as given above at the end of the review process. The author is not legally bound at this time, but it would be seen as a strong breach of academic conduct to back off from the publication process. Once the manuscript is accepted for publication, IAEME will issue an invoice in the Paper Submission and Manuscript Tracking System. This is IAEME `s legal offer and will state the regular APC of the journal. The Corresponding Author is expected to arrange payments of the amount stated at this time. In severe cases IAEME `s Complaints Procedure can be followed and the result of this should be binding to the author.
Refund Policy
Once an article has been accepted for publication, any Article Processing Charges on the article become due. The submitting author accepts responsibility for the Article Processing Charges, and will not issue refunds of any kind except those payments made by mistake or in excess of the amount required.
The topics to be covered by this journal include but are not limited to the following fields:
| • Product; Engineering and Industrial Design • Design In Engineering Subject Areas • CAD; CAM; CAE, Design for Sustainability and Renewable Energy • Web/Internet Technologies and Wireless Computing in Design Engineering, • Design Management • Integrated Design and Manufacturing • Concurrent Engineering • Mechanical Transmission and Machine Elements • Tribology and Lubrication in Design Engineering • Mechanics and Mechatronics • Heat Transfer and Fluids • Design Optimization and Finite/Boundary Element Methods in Design Engineering, • Agile Manufacturing • Rapid Prototyping |
• Experimental and Theoretical Analyses in Design Engineering • Advanced Computing in Design Engineering • Machining • Abrasive Machining • Metal Casting, Powder Metallurgy • Bulk Deformation • Sheet Metal Forming • Joining, Plastics/Composites Processing • Ceramic Processing • Thin and Thick Coatings • Rapid Prototyping • Hybrid Processes (Thermal; Plasma; Chemical and Electrical Energy Assisted Methods) • Micromanufacturing Processes • Micromachining; Micro-forming, Hot Embossing and Patterning |