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ENHANCING HOME-BASED WOMEN ENTREPRENEUR`S COMPETENCIES TOWARDS ENTREPRENUERIAL SUCCESS
Hanifah Moksin 1 * ; Noor Raihan Ab Hamid 2 ; Rudzi Munap 3 ; Haliza Said 42 Faculty of Business and Technology, UNITAR International University, Malaysia.
3 Faculty of Business and Technology, UNITAR International University, Malaysia.
4 Faculty of Business and Technology, UNITAR International University, Malaysia.
* Corresponding Author
Article Id - IJM_11_12_332, Pages : 3608-3623, Date of Publication : 31, December 2020
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Abstract
Women entrepreneurs are fast becoming a significant economic force which is market worthy of attention to business and policymakers. The advent of social media such as Facebook (FB), Instagram and other online platforms has provided greater opportunity for housewife and stay at home women to be part of the business industry. For those who are new or have less knowledge on business, with small capital, striving a work life balance or planning to leave their full-time jobs, these platforms is seen to be able to offer opportunity to fulfill their dream to become home-based women entrepreneur. This paper attempted to investigate the relationship between conceptual and relationship competencies, business and management competencies, and entrepreneurial competencies towards the success of home-based women entrepreneurs. Survey data were collected from online questionnaires to Malay home-based women entrepreneurs` in Klang Valley. They are engaged from business categories such as apparel, computer and related services, tourism and travel, food and beverages, education and training services, accommodation and health and beauty services. Each of the measurement items possessed adequate validity and reliability. The analysis from 132 samples indicated that conceptual and relationship competencies positively and significantly affected entrepreneurial success, supporting H1 (CRC → ES: β=0.237, t-value=6.250, p-value=0.001). The analysis showed business and management competencies positively and significantly affected entrepreneurial success, supporting H2 (BMC → ES: β=0.213, t-value=5.781, p-value=0.001). Entrepreneurial competencies also positively and significantly affected entrepreneurial success, supporting H3 ((EC → ES: β=0.261, t-value=7.254, p-value=0.001).
Another important finding of the study revealed that time spent mediate the relationship of the three constructs, namely, conceptual and relationship competencies, business and management competencies and entrepreneurial competencies towards entrepreneurial success of these home-based Malay women entrepreneurs.
Keywords
Home-based Malay Women Entrepreneurs, Perceived Competencies, Perceived Entrepreneurial Success, Conceptual And Relationship Competencies, Business And Management Competencies, Entrepreneurial Competencies
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References
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[1] M Ozaki, Y. Adachi, Y. Iwahori, and N. Ishii, Application of fuzzy theory to writer recognition of Chinese characters, International Journal of Modelling and Simulation, 18(2), 1998, 112-116. (12)
Books:
[2] R.E. Moore, Interval analysis (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1966). (12) Note that the title of the book is in lower case letters and italicized. There is no comma following the title. Place of publication and publisher are given.
Chapters in Books:
[3] P.O. Bishop, Neurophysiology of binocular vision, in J.Houseman (Ed.), Handbook of physiology, 4 (New York: Springer-Verlag, 1970) 342-366. (12) Note that the place of publication, publisher, and year of publication are enclosed in brackets. Editor of book is listed before book title.
Theses:
[4] D.S. Chan, Theory and implementation of multidimensional discrete systems for signal processing, doctoral diss., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 1978. (12)
Proceedings Papers:
[5] W.J. Book, Modelling design and control of flexible manipulator arms: A tutorial review, Proc. 29th IEEE Conf. on Decision and Control, San Francisco, CA, 1990, 500-506 (12)
IAEME Publication Fees
IAEME Publication charges an Article Processing Charge (APC) once an article is accepted for publication. These charges cover the costs of turning a manuscript into a finished article, as well as the costs of hosting, distributing and promoting an article.
Article Processing Charges explained
We are committed to making the costs of publishing as clear as possible and so the charges for each journal are clearly displayed on each journal`s homepage.
When a manuscript is submitted, it passes through the many different departments at Hindawi to ensure the quality checks, peer review, production and promotion of articles is carried out in a timely manner and to a high standard:
✔ The Editorial Screening team, who perform initial technical and ethical checks
✔ The Editorial team, who help the journal`s Academic Editors manage the review process
✔ The Production team, who convert the manuscript to a professionally typeset article and well-structured file format
✔ The Proofing team, who coordinate the proofing process through Hindawi`s Online Proofing System (OPS)
✔ The Editorial Quality Assurance team, who perform a final check to ensure that the manuscript and its review process adhere to the journal`s guidelines and policies
✔ Our Marketing and Communication teams, who ensure your article receives the attention it deserves.
✔ The Technology team, who build and maintain our systems, and develop new systems
The work these teams do contribute to the requirement of an APC and is why the actual amount payable varies depending on the journal in which you wish to publish your article.
IAEME Publication does not request Article Submission Charges, also called Submission Fees. These are due at the time of submission of the manuscript. Nor does IAEME charge per page or for color figures or for any other items for which other publishers are known to charge.
Sources for Article Processing Charges (APC)
Authors of an article are responsible for arranging the payment of APC. Still, that typically does not mean that authors end up paying for the publication of the article. The cost of APC is very often assumed either by the organization funding the research published in the article, or by an Open Access Publishing Fund, or by the institution at which the author is employed.
Fair Dealing - Authors and Publisher
When an author submits a manuscript for review at one of IAEME`s journals, the submitted manuscript should not have been previously published in any form and must not be currently under consideration for publication elsewhere. The manuscript should also not be submitted to any other journal during the review process at IAEME Publication. In case the review process at IAEME takes much longer than stated and the author wishes to end the review process at IAEME, he/she should get in contact with the Editorial Assistant of the journal at IAEME and come to an agreement suitable for both sides after looking at the stage of the manuscript in the review process.
With the APC specified above, the author is given an indication what the APC will be. IAEME is charging Publication Fees (APC) but not Submission Fees. This is to the benefit to authors because payments are only due once the author knows the manuscript is accepted. IAEME with editors and reviewers puts much effort in dealing with the manuscript and expects the authors to stick to the common plan of publishing the paper which is linked to payments of APC as given above at the end of the review process. The author is not legally bound at this time, but it would be seen as a strong breach of academic conduct to back off from the publication process. Once the manuscript is accepted for publication, IAEME will issue an invoice in the Paper Submission and Manuscript Tracking System. This is IAEME `s legal offer and will state the regular APC of the journal. The Corresponding Author is expected to arrange payments of the amount stated at this time. In severe cases IAEME `s Complaints Procedure can be followed and the result of this should be binding to the author.
Refund Policy
Once an article has been accepted for publication, any Article Processing Charges on the article become due. The submitting author accepts responsibility for the Article Processing Charges, and will not issue refunds of any kind except those payments made by mistake or in excess of the amount required.
The topics to be covered by this journal include but are not limited to the following fields:
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