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IMPACT OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION (IR) ON INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS
Rabiul Islam 1 ; Irwan Shah Zainal Abidin 2 ; Kazi Fahmida Farzana 3 ; Md Shahin Mia 42 School of Economics Finance and Banking, University Utara Malaysia, Malaysia.
3 University Utara Malaysia, Kedah, Malaysia.
4 University Utara Malaysia, Kedah, Malaysia.
Article Id - IJM_11_07_038, Pages : 399-414, Date of Publication : 01, August 2020
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Abstract
The aim of this paper is to discuss the impact of industrial revolution on international business. The world of IR4.0 not just revolves around smart and connected machines and systems, but it fused the interaction of these technologies with physical, digital and biological domains. Industrial revolution has changed in manufacturing and transportation which began from fewer products being made by hand and more are being made using machines in a large-scale facility. Data for this study were obtained from existing literatures on industrial revolution in multinational companies. The methodology heavily relied on existing previous literatures on the subject being dealt with. The findings indicate that the increasingly inaccessible discourse on technological advancement is making it harder for the public and for governments to mitigate the externalities of automation and other changes. It also dictates the impact of globalization towards the economy is inevitable for companies worldwide; they would have to resort to IR4.0 to sustain and thus stay relevant in the business world. Therefore, companies will have to adopt IR4.0 in their management, implement and strategize to keep their stand in the competitive world.
Keywords
Industrial Revolution, Industrial Business, Multinational Company, Technology, Globalization
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Authors of an article are responsible for arranging the payment of APC. Still, that typically does not mean that authors end up paying for the publication of the article. The cost of APC is very often assumed either by the organization funding the research published in the article, or by an Open Access Publishing Fund, or by the institution at which the author is employed.
Fair Dealing - Authors and Publisher
When an author submits a manuscript for review at one of IAEME`s journals, the submitted manuscript should not have been previously published in any form and must not be currently under consideration for publication elsewhere. The manuscript should also not be submitted to any other journal during the review process at IAEME Publication. In case the review process at IAEME takes much longer than stated and the author wishes to end the review process at IAEME, he/she should get in contact with the Editorial Assistant of the journal at IAEME and come to an agreement suitable for both sides after looking at the stage of the manuscript in the review process.
With the APC specified above, the author is given an indication what the APC will be. IAEME is charging Publication Fees (APC) but not Submission Fees. This is to the benefit to authors because payments are only due once the author knows the manuscript is accepted. IAEME with editors and reviewers puts much effort in dealing with the manuscript and expects the authors to stick to the common plan of publishing the paper which is linked to payments of APC as given above at the end of the review process. The author is not legally bound at this time, but it would be seen as a strong breach of academic conduct to back off from the publication process. Once the manuscript is accepted for publication, IAEME will issue an invoice in the Paper Submission and Manuscript Tracking System. This is IAEME `s legal offer and will state the regular APC of the journal. The Corresponding Author is expected to arrange payments of the amount stated at this time. In severe cases IAEME `s Complaints Procedure can be followed and the result of this should be binding to the author.
Refund Policy
Once an article has been accepted for publication, any Article Processing Charges on the article become due. The submitting author accepts responsibility for the Article Processing Charges, and will not issue refunds of any kind except those payments made by mistake or in excess of the amount required.
The topics to be covered by this journal include but are not limited to the following fields:
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• Management Information System • History |
• Production and Operation Management • English • Social Science |